Turkic Peoples of Russia Observatory
Peoples, languages and religious life, with separate regional census and survey profiles.
Initial research edition
Evidence & definitions
Peoples, languages and religious life, with separate regional census and survey profiles.
Historically established communities · Cross-border & diaspora communities
Individual source-defined counts; parent and subgroup identities overlap, so these figures are not summed.
Ethnicity: 1 October 2021 census. Religion: 2012 adult survey, covering residents of all ethnicities in each region. A region’s population and religious distribution are not the population or religion of its titular people.
The map locates selected administrative contexts, not ethnic borders or complete settlement areas.
Sources
- ВПН-2020 · Том 5 · Методологические поясненияNational census methodology: self-identification, multiple responses and unspecified ethnicity.
- Регионы России. Основные характеристики субъектов Российской Федерации. 2023Census at 1 October 2021, percentages among residents who stated ethnicity. Printed pages: Adygea 298, Dagestan 376, Ingushetia 385, Kabardino-Balkaria 394, Karachay-Cherkessia 403, North Ossetia–Alania 412. Published one-decimal shares are retained. Parsed official PDF text was checked; the original binary and page images were not retrieved.
- ARENA / MegaFOM 2012: original regional response tableOriginal workbook: single-answer religious affiliation, rows 15–32; fieldwork 29 May–25 June 2012. Downloaded and parsed directly.
- About the ARENA project: survey methodPublisher methodology: 56,900 adults aged 18+, urban and rural residents in 79 regions; 500–800 interviews per participating region, face-to-face at home. Exact achieved republic sample sizes and weighting were not independently established.
- N.A.Tadina, Burkhanism and etiquette among the AltaiPublisher abstract or catalogue description inspected; full study not independently reviewed here. Dated qualitative or historical evidence, not a current religious distribution.
- A.A.Yarlykapov, Folk Islam and Muslim youth of the central and northwestern CaucasusOriginal study inspected. Dated historical or qualitative evidence; no current whole-people religious percentage is inferred.
- E.A. Iagafova, Confessional identity and modern religious practices of the ChuvashPublisher abstract or catalogue description inspected; full study not independently reviewed here. Dated qualitative or historical evidence, not a current religious distribution.
- V.N.Asochakova, M.N.Chistanov, S.S.Chistanova, Christianisation and indigenous peoples of Khakass-Minusinsk territoryPublisher abstract or catalogue description inspected; full study not independently reviewed here. Dated qualitative or historical evidence, not a current religious distribution.
- Y.M.Huseynov and Y.M.Idrisov, The Kumyk clergy in the Caucasian War: between the Empire and the ImamateOriginal study inspected. Dated historical or qualitative evidence; no current whole-people religious percentage is inferred.
- Altai-Kizhi language profileInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Bashkir language profileInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Chuvash language profileInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Karachay-Balkar language profileInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Khakas language profileInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Kumyk language profileInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Nogai language profileInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Sakha (Yakut) language profileInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Tatar (Volga Tatar) language profileInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Tuvan language profileInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Yakuts (Sakha), Peoples and Cultures, ed.A.N.Alekseev, E.N.Romanova, Z.P.SokolovaPublisher abstract or catalogue description inspected; full study not independently reviewed here. Dated qualitative or historical evidence, not a current religious distribution.
- V.V. Ushnitsky, Contemporary faith of the Yakuts: Aiyy religion, Tengriism and neo-shamanismOriginal study inspected. Dated historical or qualitative evidence; no current whole-people religious percentage is inferred.
- BashkirsScholarly reference on community history and traditions; not a representative current religious survey.
- Baptised Tatars / KryashenScholarly reference on community history and traditions; not a representative current religious survey.
- TatarsScholarly reference on community history and traditions; not a representative current religious survey.
- V.I.Kharitonova, Tuvan (neo)shamanism as a religious and healing practice in contemporary worldPublisher abstract or catalogue description inspected; full study not independently reviewed here. Dated qualitative or historical evidence, not a current religious distribution.
- Siberian Tatars / Siberian TatarInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Shors / ShorInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Teleuts / TeleutInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Kumandins / KumandinInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Telengits / TelengitInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Tubalars / TubalarInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Chelkans / ChelkanInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Dolgans / DolganInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Tofalars / TofalarInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Chulyms / Chulym TurkicInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Soyots / SoyotInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Azerbaijani language referenceInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Kazakh language referenceInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Uzbek language referenceInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Kyrgyz language referenceInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Turkmen language referenceInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Uyghur language referenceInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Turkish language referenceInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Gagauz language referenceInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Karakalpak language referenceInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Crimean Tatar language referenceInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Karaim language referenceInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- Krymchak language referenceInstitutional language profile: language varieties and geography. Older census and education figures are not presented here as current measurements.
- UN General Assembly resolution68/262: Territorial integrity of UkraineTerritorial-status context: Crimea is part of Ukraine; the UN documents Russian occupation. Not a population or language source.
- Russian Federation’s decade-long occupation of CrimeaTerritorial-status context: Crimea is part of Ukraine; the UN documents Russian occupation. Not a population or language source.
- Регионы России. Основные характеристики субъектов Российской Федерации. 2023Census at 1 October 2021; published percentages among residents declaring ethnicity. Printed pages: Bashkortostan 444, Tatarstan 471, Chuvashia 489, Altai 642, Tuva 651, Khakassia 660. Parsed original PDF text checked; binary and page images not retrieved.
- Регионы России. Основные характеристики субъектов Российской Федерации. 2025Sakha (Yakutia), printed p. 747: 1 October 2021 census percentages among residents declaring ethnicity. The 2025 edition explicitly identifies the 0.2% Yukagir category. Parsed original text checked; binary and page images not retrieved.
- ВПН-2020 · Том 5 · Методологические поясненияPrinted pp. 7–8: standard ethnicity tables use the sole or first response; indigenous-minority tables use any response. Parent groups include specified subgroups. Ethnicity is self-identification, distinct from language, citizenship and religion.
- I. M. Gabdrafikov · Dynamics of ethnic identification of peoples of the Volga region in post-Soviet RussiaOriginal RAS-authored census analysis, table 2, printed p. 156: nationwide Tatar, Bashkir and Chuvash person counts for 2020/2021, reproduced from Rosstat. The original publisher PDF was parsed; the census workbook was not independently retrieved.
- V. Fauzer & I. Zherebtsov · The northern republics in the demographic landscape of RussiaOriginal demographic research, table 4, printed p. 105: all-Russia 2021 counts for Sakha, Tuvans and Altaians; cites Fauzer’s 2025 monograph. Parsed publisher PDF inspected. These are reported census counts, not this observatory’s independent estimates.
- T. B. Smirnova · Nations of Siberia, their number and its dynamics in the post-Soviet periodOriginal census analysis, printed p. 135, reports 61.4 thousand Khakas nationwide in 2021. This is rounded to 100 people; do not present 61,400 as an exact person count. Parsed publisher PDF inspected.