Source records

Historical active-duty armed-forces and qualifying paramilitary personnel, excluding reservists, from IISS The Military Balance as distributed by the World Bank. The indicator combines regular and paramilitary forces and uses estimates where exact numbers are unavailable. It does not measure readiness, mobilised strength or current force capability.

Historical estimates · latest observation 2020. Regular military and qualifying paramilitary personnel are combined; reserves are excluded. No later headcount or explanation of annual changes is inferred.

SIPRI’s published military-budget observations as a percentage of GDP for the same calendar year. The country is marked as adopted budgets, rather than actual expenditure.

Historical adopted-budget observations, not verified execution. SIPRI flags classification changes in Turkmenistan’s public accounts and no information after 1999 (country note 53). No missing year or current spending trend is inferred.

SIPRI’s military-budget observations divided by general government expenditure for the financial year, shown as percentages. These are adopted-budget observations, not verified spending outturns.

Historical adopted-budget observations, not verified execution. SIPRI flags classification changes in Turkmenistan’s public accounts and no information after 1999 (country note 53). No missing year or current spending trend is inferred.

Net authorised value of implemented cases and amendments financed by U.S. Foreign Military Financing (FMF). Counted in the U.S. fiscal year when the LOA, amendment or modification is implemented. This is not physical delivery, cash expenditure or Turkmenistan military expenditure. DSCA FY2024 report, published 1 July 2025: comparable retroactive FMS/FMF split for FY2020–FY2024. Explicit source zeros are retained. The −USD231 FMF observation in FY2022 is a downward case adjustment; do not round it away or label it a negative delivery. Earlier reports included BPC/FAA programmes and must not be spliced into this definition. FY2025–26 are not inferred.

Implemented FMF case values · US fiscal years. The −$231 in 2022 is a net downward adjustment, not a delivery or national expenditure. Later years are unavailable.

Net authorised value of implemented cases and amendments financed by partner funds (FMS). Counted in the U.S. fiscal year when the LOA, amendment or modification is implemented. This is not physical delivery, cash expenditure or Turkmenistan military expenditure. DSCA FY2024 report, published 1 July 2025: comparable retroactive FMS/FMF split for FY2020–FY2024. Explicit source zeros are retained. The −USD231 FMF observation in FY2022 is a downward case adjustment; do not round it away or label it a negative delivery. Earlier reports included BPC/FAA programmes and must not be spliced into this definition. FY2025–26 are not inferred.

Partner-funded implemented FMS cases · US fiscal years. Dots are explicit published zeros. Separate from FMF financing, physical deliveries and national budgets.

Dollar allocation for training foreign military students and associated aids/materials, without reimbursement to the United States. The table also includes military-assistance service-funded training and emergency drawdowns. DSCA counts this programme fully delivered when funded; that accounting convention does not verify every course’s completion. DSCA Historical Facts Book, data as of 30 September 2017. U.S. fiscal years; original monetary table unit is USD thousands, divided by 1,000 for USD millions. Source dashes remain omitted; they are not converted into zero. Historical report definitions and vintage are retained separately from the FY2024 FMS/FMF split. Do not add financing, agreements and deliveries together.

USD · US fiscal years · 2017 report vintage. Financing, agreements, deliveries and training allocations are distinct measures. Source dashes remain missing; later report definitions are not spliced in.

Annual students trained in the DSCA IMET table, including military-assistance service-funded and emergency-drawdown training. Programme counts are not force strength and do not identify unique individuals across years. DSCA data as of 30 September 2017, U.S. fiscal years. These are annual training-table student counts, not unique people across all years or the size of the Turkmen armed forces. Source dashes are omitted; no zero is inferred. Do not merge different training programmes.

Programme-table students · US fiscal years · 2017 report vintage. Counts are not force strength or unique people across years. Source dashes remain missing.

Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program (CTFP) allocation for foreign military training and related materials without reimbursement to the United States. DSCA considers the programme delivered when funded. This is a specific training programme, not all U.S. assistance or Turkmen military spending. DSCA Historical Facts Book, data as of 30 September 2017. U.S. fiscal years; original monetary table unit is USD thousands, divided by 1,000 for USD millions. Source dashes remain omitted; they are not converted into zero. Historical report definitions and vintage are retained separately from the FY2024 FMS/FMF split. Do not add financing, agreements and deliveries together.

USD · US fiscal years · 2017 report vintage. Financing, agreements, deliveries and training allocations are distinct measures. Source dashes remain missing; later report definitions are not spliced in.

Annual students trained under the Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program (CTFP), reported separately from IMET. Funding-year amounts and student counts can differ; no cost-per-student ratio is calculated. DSCA data as of 30 September 2017, U.S. fiscal years. These are annual training-table student counts, not unique people across all years or the size of the Turkmen armed forces. Source dashes are omitted; no zero is inferred. Do not merge different training programmes.

Programme-table students · US fiscal years · 2017 report vintage. Counts are not force strength or unique people across years. Source dashes remain missing.

FMF credit/grant extended in the fiscal year for defence procurement; Turkmenistan’s entries are entirely payment-waived grants. These financing amounts may fund contracts in earlier, current or later years. They are not implemented-case values, delivery costs or Turkmen budget expenditure. DSCA Historical Facts Book, data as of 30 September 2017. U.S. fiscal years; original monetary table unit is USD thousands, divided by 1,000 for USD millions. Source dashes remain omitted; they are not converted into zero. Historical report definitions and vintage are retained separately from the FY2024 FMS/FMF split. Do not add financing, agreements and deliveries together.

USD · US fiscal years · 2017 report vintage. Financing, agreements, deliveries and training allocations are distinct measures. Source dashes remain missing; later report definitions are not spliced in.

Defence articles and services purchased through FMS with cash, credit or MAP merger funds. This is the 2017 report’s agreement measure, including its historical revisions; it is not the FY2024 partner-financed-only FMS measure or physical delivery. DSCA Historical Facts Book, data as of 30 September 2017. U.S. fiscal years; original monetary table unit is USD thousands, divided by 1,000 for USD millions. Source dashes remain omitted; they are not converted into zero. Historical report definitions and vintage are retained separately from the FY2024 FMS/FMF split. Do not add financing, agreements and deliveries together.

USD · US fiscal years · 2017 report vintage. Financing, agreements, deliveries and training allocations are distinct measures. Source dashes remain missing; later report definitions are not spliced in.

DSCA’s historical value of defence articles and services delivered under FMS. The definition includes accrued expenditure and reporting after shipment or service performance. This is a dated U.S. supplier-side programme account, not Turkmenistan’s annual military expenditure. DSCA Historical Facts Book, data as of 30 September 2017. U.S. fiscal years; original monetary table unit is USD thousands, divided by 1,000 for USD millions. Source dashes remain omitted; they are not converted into zero. Historical report definitions and vintage are retained separately from the FY2024 FMS/FMF split. Do not add financing, agreements and deliveries together.

USD · US fiscal years · 2017 report vintage. Financing, agreements, deliveries and training allocations are distinct measures. Source dashes remain missing; later report definitions are not spliced in.

Italian supplier-side defence-export licence values for Turkmenistan, by calendar year, from the original government report to Parliament. These authorisations are not completed deliveries, paid invoices, individual platform contract prices or Turkmen defence spending. Converted from EUR at the matching annual-average ECB USD/EUR rate. The 2014 and 2015 comparison-table source values are rounded to EUR0.1million; 2016, 2017 and 2019 retain the detailed country-table values. A missing 2018 observation is not zero.

Supplier authorisations, not deliveries or Turkmen expenditure. Matching-year average currency rates; 2014–15 source values are rounded. No 2018 zero is inferred.