Turkmenistan

Historical active-duty armed-forces and qualifying paramilitary personnel, excluding reservists, from IISS The Military Balance as distributed by the World Bank. The indicator combines regular and paramilitary forces and uses estimates where exact numbers are unavailable. It does not measure readiness, mobilised strength or current force capability.

Historical estimates · latest observation 2020. Regular military and qualifying paramilitary personnel are combined; reserves are excluded. No later headcount or explanation of annual changes is inferred.

29 annual observations

SIPRI’s published military-budget observations as a percentage of GDP for the same calendar year. The country is marked as adopted budgets, rather than actual expenditure.

Historical adopted-budget observations, not verified execution. SIPRI flags classification changes in Turkmenistan’s public accounts and no information after 1999 (country note 53). No missing year or current spending trend is inferred.

6 annual observations

Net authorised value of implemented cases and amendments financed by U.S. Foreign Military Financing (FMF). Counted in the U.S. fiscal year when the LOA, amendment or modification is implemented. This is not physical delivery, cash expenditure or Turkmenistan military expenditure. DSCA FY2024 report, published 1 July 2025: comparable retroactive FMS/FMF split for FY2020–FY2024. Explicit source zeros are retained. The −USD231 FMF observation in FY2022 is a downward case adjustment; do not round it away or label it a negative delivery. Earlier reports included BPC/FAA programmes and must not be spliced into this definition. FY2025–26 are not inferred.

Implemented FMF case values · US fiscal years. The −$231 in 2022 is a net downward adjustment, not a delivery or national expenditure. Later years are unavailable.

5 annual observations

Italian supplier-side defence-export licence values for Turkmenistan, by calendar year, from the original government report to Parliament. These authorisations are not completed deliveries, paid invoices, individual platform contract prices or Turkmen defence spending. Converted from EUR at the matching annual-average ECB USD/EUR rate. The 2014 and 2015 comparison-table source values are rounded to EUR0.1million; 2016, 2017 and 2019 retain the detailed country-table values. A missing 2018 observation is not zero.

Supplier authorisations, not deliveries or Turkmen expenditure. Matching-year average currency rates; 2014–15 source values are rounded. No 2018 zero is inferred.

5 annual observations