Free public archive·1918–1920

First Republic

Follow the republic’s diplomacy, recognition and proposed settlements through records of 1918–1920. Start with Batum, American recognition and Sèvres, then follow the related records.

21 documents17 with text in the archive4 source records

Documents 20

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Dec 15, 1920Diplomatic record

Morgenthau designated for personal mediation

Davis reports Morgenthau’s designation as Wilson’s personal representative and requests information and assurances needed for the mediation offer.

Soviet ArmeniaU.S. Department of State — Office of the HistorianArmenia in 1920Text in the archive

Dec 13, 1920Diplomatic record

Planned press release of the boundary decision

Davis communicates a plan to release the President’s boundary decision to the press on 17 December for publication the following day.

Soviet ArmeniaU.S. Department of State — Office of the HistorianArmenia in 1920Text in the archive

Dec 4, 1920Diplomatic record

Moser’s report on Sovietisation and relief withdrawal

Moser reports announcements of political change in Armenia and describes the planned removal of relief staff and supplies.

Soviet ArmeniaU.S. Department of State — Office of the HistorianArmenia in 1920Text in the archive

Dec 2, 1920Agreement

Treaty of Alexandropol / Gyumri (1920)

Concluded at Alexandropol after the Armenian–Turkish war of 1920, the treaty proposed territorial and military conditions for Armenia.

Soviet ArmeniaElectronic Library of Historical Documents (published Russian treaty scan)Historical treatiesMain treaty textTurkish · English · Armenian · Russian

Nov 30, 1920Diplomatic record

Wilson offers mediation with explicit limits

Wilson offers personal mediation while stating that he lacks authority to offer American military forces and that material contributions require congressional authorisation.

First RepublicU.S. Department of State — Office of the HistorianArmenia in 1920Text in the archive

Nov 22, 1920Diplomatic record

Wilson’s arbitral award on the Turkey–Armenia boundary

Official documentary edition reproducing Wilson’s boundary award of 22 November 1920 within a covering dispatch dated 24 November. A separate Library of Congress record provides the boundary map.

First RepublicUS Department of State, Office of the Historian (FRUS)Armenia in 1920Source record

Oct 10, 1920Diplomatic record

Moser’s report on war and mobilisation

Bristol relays Moser’s 4 October report concerning the Armenian government, mobilisation and relief personnel.

First RepublicU.S. Department of State — Office of the HistorianArmenia in 1920Text in the archive

Sep 18, 1920Diplomatic record

Bristol’s assessment of Turkish nationalist resistance

Bristol reports his assessment of resistance to territorial transfers and the practical difficulties of implementing a boundary decision.

First RepublicU.S. Department of State — Office of the HistorianArmenia in 1920Text in the archive

Aug 10, 1920Agreement

Allied–Armenian treaty on minorities and commerce

A separate treaty covering minority safeguards in Armenia, diplomatic relations, commerce and transit.

First RepublicUniversity of Perpignan — Digithèque MJPHistorical treatiesText in the archiveFrench · English · Armenian · Russian

Aug 10, 1920Agreement

Treaty of Sèvres

The Armenian section addressed recognition, boundary arbitration, frontiers with Georgia and Azerbaijan, and a separate agreement on minority protection and transit.

First RepublicBritish Library — Qatar Digital LibraryHistorical treatiesMain treaty textEnglish · French · Russian · Armenian

Jun 2, 1920Diplomatic record

Military requirements of a proposed Armenian mandate

Baker transmits a memorandum estimating forces for internal order and distinguishing them from the forces needed to resist a major external invasion.

First RepublicU.S. Department of State — Office of the HistorianArmenia in 1920Text in the archive

May 17, 1920Diplomatic record

Wilson accepts the arbitration task

Colby instructs Wallace to communicate Wilson’s willingness to act as arbitrator for the Armenian boundaries.

First RepublicU.S. Department of State — Office of the HistorianArmenia in 1920Text in the archive

Apr 23, 1920Diplomatic record

American recognition of the Armenian government

Colby informs the Armenian representative that the United States recognises the de facto government of the Armenian Republic, without predetermining territorial frontiers.

First RepublicU.S. Department of State — Office of the HistorianArmenia in 1920Text in the archive

Jan 27, 1920Diplomatic record

Instructions to deny reports of recognition

Polk authorises Bristol to deny reports that the United States has recognised Armenia, Georgia or Azerbaijan.

First RepublicU.S. Department of State — Office of the HistorianArmenia in 1920Text in the archive

Jan 24, 1920Diplomatic record

Conditional concurrence in recognition of Armenia

Polk communicates concurrence in de facto recognition, with no decision on eventual frontiers, and raises concerns about recognising Georgia and Azerbaijan.

First RepublicU.S. Department of State — Office of the HistorianArmenia in 1920Text in the archive

Jan 13, 1920Diplomatic record

Allied recognition and American reservations

Wallace reports a Council discussion on recognising Georgia and Azerbaijan, with American and Japanese reservations.

First RepublicU.S. Department of State — Office of the HistorianArmenia in 1920Text in the archive

Jul 5, 1919Court document

Ottoman court-martial judgment against Union and Progress leaders

Judgment in the central post-war court-martial proceedings against leading Committee of Union and Progress officials.

First RepublicUS Congressional Record / GovInfoHistorical recordsSource record

Feb 12, 1919Diplomatic record

The Armenian Question before the Peace Conference

Joint Armenian memorandum setting out claims and proposed arrangements for the Paris Peace Conference.

First RepublicARAM archival scan of the 1919 published memorandumHistorical recordsSource record

Oct 30, 1918Agreement

Armistice of Mudros

Armistice ending hostilities with the Ottoman Empire, with provisions concerning Armenian prisoners and the six Armenian vilayets.

First RepublicGerman History in Documents and Images, German Historical InstituteHistorical treatiesText in the archiveEnglish · Armenian · Russian

Jun 4, 1918Agreement

Batum Treaty of Peace and Friendship (1918)

The treaty establishes peace and friendship between the Ottoman government and the Armenian republic, including a boundary description.

First RepublicANI Armenian Research Center (historical Armenian treaty transcription)Historical treatiesMain treaty textRussian · English · Armenian